simple solutions for complex problems
VLSI 2
VLSI
Pull up network (PIN)
transistors used to pull down (to achieve the required logic)
Pull down network (PDN)
transistors used to pull up (to achieve the required logic)
static power dissipation
when output is low current flows from high to ground
circuit does not pull all the way down to 0V
is determined by the ratio of resistance between the pull up and pull down
the source is the side with the lesser voltage, i.e.
![]()
n-type
conduct from Vd if![]()




p-type



conduct from Vd if ![]()
Logic types
CMOS
NMOS
pseudo-CMOS
pseudo-NMOS
dynamic
Logical effort is for
a particular input
sometimes want a critical path to have a lower logical effort

PLAs



note that one does not do ANDs in the AND plane and ORs in the OR plane
but DO do something which creates the minterms for DNF
note that while
gives the output ¬A+¬B, it's meaning when exiting the AND plane is ¬(¬A + ¬B), since the logic is a pull down
note the need to negate the output before it leaves the OR plane (for the same reason that it is a pull
down, as in the previous point)+